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- <text id=91TT0318>
- <title>
- Feb. 11, 1991: Iran:The Not So Innocent Bystander
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- Feb. 11, 1991 Saddam's Weird War
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- THE GULF WAR, Page 33
- IRAN
- The Not So Innocent Bystander
- </hdr><body>
- <p>By agreeing to park Iraq's planes, Tehran is positioning itself
- to play a stronger role in postwar gulf politics
- </p>
- <p>By Michael S. Serrill--Reported by Dean Fischer/Riyadh and
- Farah Nayeri/Paris
- </p>
- <p> When a high-level delegation from Iraq began meetings with
- Iranian officials in Tehran Jan. 8, the sessions attracted
- little notice. After all, at that same moment U.S. Secretary
- of State James Baker and Iraqi Foreign Minister Tariq Aziz were
- preparing to hold their last-minute talks in Geneva, and the
- clock was ticking toward war. But political analysts in
- Washington and the Middle East now believe a deal might have
- been struck at those meetings in the Iranian capital, a deal
- that last week triggered one of the more mysterious events of
- the gulf war: the sudden departure for Iran of the cream of the
- Iraqi air force.
- </p>
- <p> The migration, which was suspected to total 100 planes, left
- allied officials perplexed. "It's tough for me to put any kind
- of interpretation on what's going on," said chief of allied
- operations General H. Norman Schwarzkopf. If Saddam Hussein was
- behind the exodus--and that was not absolutely certain--his
- goal was obvious: to save his air force from being destroyed
- on Iraqi soil by allied bombers. But what had motivated Iran
- to give a helping hand to its erstwhile enemy?
- </p>
- <p> No clear explanation came from Tehran. Iranian President Ali
- Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani did assure the U.S.-led coalition,
- however, that the decision to provide sanctuary to some of
- Saddam's most sophisticated French and Soviet fighters and most
- of his SU-24 Fencer bombers would not affect Iran's neutral
- status. The planes, Iranian officials said, will be impounded
- and held until hostilities end. They also insisted that no deal
- had been cut with Baghdad in advance.
- </p>
- <p> Whether that is true or not, the decision to hold on to
- Saddam's planes allows Tehran to play each side against the
- other in the gulf conflict, to its own advantage. By
- facilitating the removal of some 10% of Iraq's planes from
- combat, Iran earns the gratitude of the U.S. and its allies.
- "These aircraft are capable of reaching Israel, and their
- absconding from Iraq greatly reduces Iraq's war potential,"
- said Israeli Defense Minister Moshe Arens last week.
- </p>
- <p> As for Saddam Hussein, Iran is giving him hope that should
- he outlast the U.N. coalition, he can still retain some of his
- military muscle. By helping out Saddam, Rafsanjani is assuaging
- the feelings of radical Islamic factions within Iran's
- parliament, who are unhappy to see Iran ignore the pummeling
- of fellow Muslims by Western forces.
- </p>
- <p> In its public pronouncements, Iran has expressed only
- contempt for the goals of the U.S.-led coalition. Yet few
- diplomats, including top U.S. specialists, doubt that Tehran
- is determined to remain a bystander in the conflict. "I would
- be flabbergasted if Iran made a 180 degrees turn, violated the
- U.N. resolutions and sacrificed its neutrality," says a
- European envoy in Riyadh. Says a senior British diplomat in
- London: "Iran has nothing to gain by getting involved in the
- war against the allies. Among other things, its military is in
- terrible shape as a result of the Iran-Iraq war."
- </p>
- <p> Anti-American rhetoric by Islamic extremists in Tehran is
- not to be taken seriously. "It is for domestic,
- anti-imperialist consumption that the so-called radicals shout
- warmongering slogans against the Americans," says an Iranian
- political scientist living in Paris. "Even the Iranian
- Revolutionary Guards are in no mood to join the hostilities."
- </p>
- <p> Iran has already gained a great deal by staying out of the
- conflict. Not long after Iraq invaded Kuwait on Aug. 2, Saddam,
- in a clear effort to keep Tehran neutral, announced that he
- would release Iranian prisoners of war and give up Iranian
- territory still held from the Iran-Iraq war. The gulf conflict
- also has given Rafsanjani an opening to repair relations with
- Saudi Arabia and the other gulf states, which supported Iraq
- in its war with Iran. According to a senior Saudi official,
- Tehran, as a reward for its neutrality, is asking for loans and
- a lifting of the quota limiting Iranian participation in the
- annual Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca.
- </p>
- <p> The most important advantage Iran hopes to gain is the
- opportunity to emerge as an influence broker in the postwar
- gulf. Until now, Tehran has been on the sidelines, frustrated
- at the prospect of being excluded from the horse trading that
- will take place after the war. Rafsanjani's immediate goal is
- to head off any possible moves by coalition members,
- particularly Turkey and Syria, to carve up Iraq after it is
- defeated. Iran fears that Turkey may claim Iraqi Kurdistan and
- its oil-rich areas of Mosul and Kirkuk, once part of the Ottoman
- empire, and that Syria may attempt its own land grab. Iran is
- eager to prevent--by threats of force, if necessary--any
- postwar breakup of Iraq that would upset the delicate balance
- of power in the region.
- </p>
- <p> While trying to keep its neighbors in check, Iran has been
- quietly striving to win friends inside Iraq. Frequently accused
- of violating the trade embargo against Baghdad in the run-up
- to the war, Iran last week announced openly that it would be
- sending food and medicine to Iraqi noncombatants, as is
- permitted under U.N. guidelines. Both countries have Shi`ite
- Muslim majorities, though the Baathist government of Saddam
- Hussein is dominated by Sunni Muslims. Tehran's ultimate goal,
- some analysts say, is to foment a takeover by Baghdad's
- Shi`ites. If the day ever comes that friendly Shi`ites do
- control Iraq, Iran might offer the new government a generous
- gift: say, 100 or so fighters and bombers confiscated during
- the gulf war.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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